Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is essential for DNA synthesis, nerve function, and red blood cell formation. Deficiency is common in older adults (due to reduced stomach acid and intrinsic factor) and in vegans and vegetarians (B12 is found almost exclusively in animal products). Deficiency causes neurological damage that can become irreversible if untreated, this makes adequate B12 one of the most clinically important nutritional concerns for plant-based eaters. Supplementation is straightforward and effective. For most people supplementing preventively, cyanocobalamin and methylcobalamin are both effective; the debate about their relative merits is mostly academic at standard doses. Blood serum B12 levels can be misleading, active B12 (holotranscobalamin) and methylmalonic acid are better markers of functional status.

Also known as: Cobalamin, Methylcobalamin